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Your Best Link to the Links--A Brief History of Golf




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Golf, as we know it today, originated from a game played on the

eastern coast of Scotland during the 15th century. Players would

hit a pebble around a natural course of sand dunes and rabbit

trails using a stick or a primitive club.



Some historians believe that the games of Kolven from Holland

and Chole from Belgium influenced the game. The latter being

introduced into Scotland in 1421. However, while these are stick

and ball games, they are missing that vital ingredient that is

unique to golf--the hole. Whatever the argument, there is no

dispute that Scotland gave birth to the game we know today as

golf.



The status and popularity of golf spread quickly throughout the

16th century due to it's royal endorsement. King Charles I

brought the game to England and Mary Queen of Scots, who was

French, introduced the game to France while she studied there.

In fact, the term "caddie" stems from the name given to her

helpers who were cadets in the French military.



The Gentlemen Golfers of Leith (near Edinburgh) was the first

club(formed in 1744) to promote an annual competition and to

draft the club's rules. The first reference to golf at the

historic town of St. Andrews was in 1552. The now famous

clubhouse was erected there in 1854 and the Royal and Ancient

Golf Club of St Andrews became the premier golf club because of

it's fine course, the publication of rules, and it's promotion

of the game as a proper sport.



By this time, golfers were using proper clubs and balls. Club

heads were made from beech wood and some heads were made from

hand-forged iron. Shafts were usually ash or hazel wood. Balls

were made from tightly packed feathers wrapped in a stitched

horse-hide sphere.



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The industrial revolution brought with it many social and

economic changes. The growth of railroads gave rise to mass

tourism and for the first time, ordinary people could explore

the countryside as weekend visitors. Golf courses popped up all

over the United Kingdom and people could enjoy the challenge of

playing a different one each week.



Since most golf equipment was handcrafted it was, therefore,

quite expensive and golf was dominated by the wealthy. Once

metal club heads and shafts and gutta percha balls (1848) began

rolling off production lines, the average person was able to

afford golf.



The growth of golf as an organized competitive sport in the

United Kingdom was paralleled abroad in India and the United

States. In 1894, the United States Golf Association (USGA) was

established to regulate the game in the U.S. and Mexico.



By 1900 there were more than 1,000 golf courses in the U.S.

Chicago was the first to sport 18 holes. Importantly, American

golf courses were specifically designed like parklands unlike

those in the U.K., which were typically links courses.



The beginning of the 20th century brought several technological

innovations to the game of golf. The one piece rubber-cored ball

appeared in 1900, and grooved-faced irons were introduced in

1902. In 1905, William Taylor invented the first dimpled ball

and in 1910, steel-shafted clubs first appeared. Within a

decade, golfers could hit further and with more accuracy than

ever before using equipment which was mass produced rather

inexpensively.



While there have been thousands of unbelievable golf shots

throughout the centuries, the most famous golf shot must surely

belong to Alan Shepard who hit a ball on the moon in 1971,

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watched by an audience of millions around the globe. Golf--the

first sport is space! The club he used can be viewed in the USGA

museum in Far Hills, New Jersey.



As prize money grows, so does the sport of golf itself. Millions

of people around the world now play the sport, and other

millions watch the game religiously on television. Golf is a

game for young and old, short and tall, thin and hefty. Golf is

truly a "people's game," and continues to grow in popularity.



About the author:

Larry Denton is a retired history teacher having taught 33 years

at Hobson High in Hobson, Montana. He is currently V.P. of Elfin

Enterprises, Inc., an Internet business providing valuable

information on a variety of timely topics. For a club house full

of advice, resources and suggestions about golf, visit http://www.GolfWhole.com



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